恒星光谱和元素丰度、 恒星核合成、银河系结构与化学演化、实验室天体物理、系外行星
赵刚，男，中国科学院国家天文台研究员，博士生导师，中国科学院院士，LAMOST科学委员会主任。曾任中国天文学会理事长、北京天文学会理事长。1990年在南京大学天文系获理学博士学位（欧洲南方天文台联合培养），曾先后在比利时烈日大学、欧洲南方天文台、香港大学、德国慕尼黑大学、日本国立天文台、德国汉堡大学、瑞典乌普萨拉大学等天文机构做博士后或访问学者。曾先后主持国家自然科学基金委“杰出青年”人才项目，“创新研究群体”项目和重大项目等，目前担任国家自然科学基金委基础科学中心项目负责人和国家重点研发计划“基于LAMOST巡天的银河系研究”首席科学家。同时与来自德国、日本、俄罗斯、西班牙、澳大利亚等国家的天文学者保持着密切的合作。
赵刚在中国率先开展了天体化学丰度研究，在天体化学丰度、太阳系外行星和实验室天体物理的领域研究中做出了系统的重要工作。建立了大样本贫金属矮星高分辨光谱观测样本，完成其化学丰度的系统性定量分析；给出中性氢原子碰撞对谱线影响的新计算公式；开展太阳系外行星系统候选体的搜寻与观测研究；开辟了新的实验室模拟天体物理条件前沿领域研究。这些研究被国际天文界最具影响力的“天文与天体物理年评”20余篇综述和30多部专著与教科书引用。曾获2008年度国家自然科学奖二等奖（第一完成人）、2010年度何梁何利科学与技术进步奖、第五届中国青年科学家奖、黄润乾天体物理基础研究奖、求是杰出科技成就集体奖等，利用强激光成功模拟太阳耀斑的环顶X射线源和重联喷流的工作入选2011年度中国科学十大进展。其领导的研究团组已成为国际上在相关领域具有重要影响的研究队伍之一。
1. Xing, Qian-Fan; Zhao, Gang*; Liu, Zheng-Wei; Heger, Alexander; Han, Zhan-Wen; Aoki, Wako; Chen, Yu-Qin; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Li, Hai-Ning; Zhao, Jing-Kun, A metal-poor star with abundances from a pair-instability supernova, Nature, 2023, 618, 7966, 712
2. Zhao, Gang*; Chen, Yuqin, Low-α metal-rich stars with sausage kinematics in the LAMOST survey: Are they from the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus galaxy? Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2021, 64, 3, 239562
3. Alexeeva, Sofya; Zhao, Gang*; Gao, Dong-Yang; Du, Junju; Li, Aigen; Li, Kai; Hu, Shaoming, Spectroscopic evidence for a large spot on the dimming Betelgeuse, Nature Communications, 2021, 12, 4719
4. Yan, Hong-Liang; Zhou, Yu-Tao; Zhang, Xianfei; Li, Yaguang; Gao, Qi; Shi, Jian-Rong*; Zhao, Gang*; Aoki, Wako; Matsuno, Tadafumi; Li, Yan; Xu, Xiao-Dong; Li, Haining; Wu, Ya-Qian; Jin, Meng-Qi; Mosser, Benoit; Bi, Shao-Lan; Fu, Jian-Ning; Pan, Kaike; Suda, Takuma; Liu, Yu-Juan Zhao, Jing-Kun; Liang, Xi-Long, Most lithium-rich low-mass evolved stars revealed as red clump stars by asteroseismology and spectroscopy, Nature Astronomy, 2021, 5, 86-93
5. Kumar, Yerra Bharat*; Reddy, Bacham E.; Campbell, Simon W.; Maben, Sunayana; Zhao, Gang*; Ting, Yuan-Sen., Discovery of ubiquitous lithium production in low-mass stars, Nature Astronomy, 2020, 4, 1059-1063
6. Xing, Qian-Fan*; Zhao, Gang*; Aoki, Wako; Honda, Satoshi; Li, Hai-Ning; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Matsuno, Tadafumi, Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement, Nature Astronomy, 2019, 3, 631
7. Yan, Hong-Liang; Shi, Jian-Rong*; Zhou, Yu-Tao; Chen, Yong-Shou; Li, Er-Tao; Zhang, Suyalatu; Bi, Shao-Lan; Wu, Ya-Qian; Li, Zhi-Hong; Guo, Bing; Liu, Wei-Ping; Gao, Qi; Zhang, Jun-Bo; Zhou, Ze-Ming; Li, Hai-Ning; Zhao, Gang*, The nature of the lithium enrichment in the most Li-rich giant star, Nature Astronomy, 2018, 2, 790
8. Zhao, G.*, Mashonkina, L.*, Yan, H. L., Alexeeva, S., Kobayashi, C., Pakhomov, Yu., Shi, J. R., Sitnova, T., Tan, K. F., Zhang, H. W., Zhang, J. B., Zhou, Z. M., Bolte, M., Chen, Y. Q., Li, X., Liu, F., Zhai, M., Systematic Non-LTE Study of the -2.6≤[Fe/H]≤0.2 F and G dwarfs in the Solar Neighborhood. II. Abundance Patterns from Li to Eu, 2016, ApJ, 833, 225
9. Zhao, Gang; Zhao, Yong-Heng; Chu, Yao-Quan; Jing, Yi-Peng; Deng, Li-Cai*, LAMOST spectral survey - An overview, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2012, 12, 723
10. Zhong, J.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, J.; Dong, Q.; Xiao, C.; Wang, S.; Liu, X.; Zhang, L.; An, L.; Wang, F.; Zhu, J.; Gu, Y.; He, X.; Zhao, G.*; Zhang, J.*, Modelling loop-top X-ray source and reconnection outflows in solar flares with intense lasers, Nature Physics, 2010, 6,12, 984
11. Zhao, Gang*; Chen, Yu-Qin; Shi, Jian-Rong; Liang, Yan-Chun; Hou, Jin-Liang; Chen, Li; Zhang, Hua-Wei; Li, Ai-Gen, Stellar Abundance and Galactic Chemical Evolution through LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey, Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2006, 6, 265
12. Zhao, G.; Butler, K.; Gehren, T., Non-LTE analysis of neutral magnesium in the solar atmosphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1998, 333, 219
13. Zhao, G.; Magain, P., Abundances of neutron capture elements in metal-poor dwarfs. I - Yttrium and zirconium, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1991, 244, 425
14. Zhao, G.; Magain, P., The chemical composition of the extreme halo stars. II. Green spectra of 20 dwarfs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1990, 238, 242